Ayurvedic Classification
- Acc. to Charaka : - Kushthaghana,Kandughana,Vishghna, Shirovirechan.
- Acc. to Sushruta : - Haridradi,Mustadi ,Shelshmasanshaman.
Botanical name
Curcuma longa Linn.
Family
Zingiberaceae.
Synonyms
Harita ,Jayanti ,Kanchani ,Nisha ,Yoshitpriya.
Vernacular names
English : Indian saffron,
Hindi : Haldi,
Bengali : Haldi,
Gujarati : Haldar,
Kannad. : Arishina,
Malyalam : Manjal,
Marathi : Halad,
Punjabi : Haldi,
Tamil : Manjal,
Telugu : Pasupu,
Assamiya : Haldhi,
Urdu : Haldi.
Distribution
Extensively cultivated all over India. Believed to be indigenous in Bihar.
Botanical description
Habit : Perennial, aromatic, rhizomatous, tall herbs, Root stock;large ,ovoid with sessile cylindric tubers, orange coloured inside.
Leaves : Redial, very large, in tufts up to 1.2 m. or more long as blade, oblong lanceolate, base tapering, ligulate, prominent, mid-rib.
Inflorescences : spike, 0-15 cm.
Flowers : Hermaphrodite, zygomorphic, epigynous peduncle; 15cm or more, crowned by coma tinged with pink enlarged bracts, lover bracts;ovate, membranous.
Calyx : 3 sepals, gamosepalous, shirt cylindrical, minutely toothed.
Corolla : 3 petals, gamopetalous, tube funnal shaped, lobes usually ovate or oblong, upper lobe longer and some what concave.
Androceium : 6 stamens ,in 2 whorls of 3 each ,inner whorl;1 perfact stamen filament of perfact stamen ;broad ,grooved ,short. Auther ; 2-locular.
Gynoceium : Style; passing through groove of fertile stamen, filiform, bi-lipped, stigma;bi-lipped, lips cilicate. ovary;trilocular, many ovules on axile placentaton.
Fruit : Capsule; dehiscent, globose, membranous, 3 – valved.
Seed : Ovoid, oblong, usually axillate.
Chemical constituents
Essential oil resin, alkaloid, curcumin, aromatic , turmeric oil, termerol, turpenoids, curcumone.
Ayurvedic properties
Rasa : Katu,Tikta.
Guna : Ruksha
Veerya : Ushna.
Vipak : Katu
Dosh Karma : Kapha-Pittanut, Krmighan, Kushaghan, Pramehanasaka.
Roghanta : - Kandu,Raktavikar,Prameha roga,Kaphaja,Ka Swasa,Dehadorgandhya,Abhighataja Vedana- sitha.
Pharmacological
Activies : - Antibacterial, cholagogue insecticidal, anti fungal, anti-inflammatory, antoprotozoal, antihistaminic.
Part uses : - Rhizome.
Dose : - Powder – 1-3gm.
Formulation: - Haridra Khanda, Haridra Kwatha, Chandraprabha vati, Sudarsana Churna.
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